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Research

Culture-based Education Research Resources

Culture-based education (CBE), and more specifically Hawaiian culture-based education (HCBE), is a key lever to achieving Kamehameha School’s (KS) Vision 2040 of a thriving lāhui. We believe that HCBE instills confidence and resiliency in Native Hawaiian learners to improve the well-being of the lāhui. An HCBE system engages Native Hawaiian learners to reach positive socio-emotional and academic outcomes. For that reason, KS is committed to creating and promoting an HCBE system where all students, Native Hawaiian learners in particular, will thrive and reach their full potential.

What is Culture-Based Education? 

CBE is grounded in the foundational values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, practices, experiences, and language of a(n indigenous) culture. It “places significance on Native language; place-based, and experiential learning, cultural identity; holistic well-being; and personal connections and belonging to family, community, and ancestors” (Alcantara, Keahiolalo, and Peirce, 2016). The literature base for CBE describes five basic elements that comprise this approach: Language, Family & Community, Context, Content, and Data & Accountability.

What is Hawaiian Culture-Based Education? 

In HCBE, the five elements of CBE are applied specifically from a Native Hawaiian perspective. For example, HCBE practitioners strive to incorporate ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language) in the classroom and involve family and community in the development of Hawaiian-centered curricula relevant to learners. By sustaining the values, traditions, and language of Hawaiʻi through HCBE, we hope to see Native Hawaiians grow in success and contribute to their communities both locally and globally.

Culture-Based Education Resource Collection

This HCBE collection includes exclusively research-focused resources that explore CBE and HCBE in varying contexts. Users should make their own assessments of the quality of the data from these sources. It is our hope that these resources will support your journey to ʻimi naʻauao, or seek wisdom, that would strengthen the lāhui.

If you would like a research study to be included in this collection, please email us at strategy.innovation@ksbe.edu.



Our goal is to disseminate the results of our work as broadly as possible to benefit our communities and lāhui.

Search our collection using the filters below to narrow results. You may select multiple filters.


Age band(s): [X] K-12   [X] College & Career  


Title Author(s) Year Age band Type Topics
Use of Native Language and Culture (NLC) in Elementary and Middle School Instruction as a Predictor of Mathematics Achievement Mark J. Van Ryzin and Claudia G. Vincent 2017 K-12 Journal Education (general)
Triarchically-Based Instruction and Assessment of Sixth-Grade Mathematics in a Yup'ik Cultural Setting in Alaska Robert J. Sternberg, Jerry Lipka, Tina Newman, Sandra Wildfeuer, and Elena L. Grigorenko 2005 K-12 Journal
The Effects of a Hawaiian Language Immersion Program on Student and Family Development Rebecca J.I. Luning 2007 K-12 Dissertation
Psychometric Properties of the Hawaiian Culture Scale - Adolescent Version Earl Hishinuma, Naleen Andrade, Ronal Johnson, John McArdle, Robin Miyamoto, Linda Nahulu George Makini, Noelle Yuen, Stephanie Nishimura, John McDermott, Jane Waldron, Kenneth Luke, and Alayne Yates 2000 K-12 Journal
Native Hawaiians in Public Schools: Implications of AYP Status in Predominantly Native Hawaiian Schools Wendy Kekahio 2007 K-12 Brief
Mohala i ka wai: Cultural Advantage as a Framework for Indigenous Culture-Based Education and Student Outcomes Shawn M. Kanaiaupuni, Brandon Ledward, and Nolan Malone 2017 K-12 Journal
Making Meaning: Connecting School to Hawaiian Students' Lives Lois A. Yamauchi, Tasha R. Wyatt, and Alice H. Taum 2005 K-12 Journal
Left Behind? The Status of Hawaiian Students in Hawaiʻi Public School Shawn M. Kanaʻiaupuni and Koren Ishibashi 2003 K-12 Report
Kū i Ke Ao: Hawaiian Cultural Identity and Student Progress at Kamehameha Elementary School Robert Holoua Stender 2010 K-12 Dissertation
Hoʻomau i nā ʻŌpio Field-Test Findings from the 2008 Pilot-Test of the Nā ʻŌpio Youth Development and Assests Survey Katherine Tibbets and Shawna Medeiros 2008 K-12 Report
Ho‘omau i nā ōpio: Field-test findings of the nā ‘ōpio: Youth development and assessment survey Katherine Tibbets, Shawna Medeiros, and Jacqueline Ng-Osorio 2009 K-12 Report
He Pūkoʻa Kani ʻĀina: Mapping Student Growth in Hawaiian-Focused Charter School Shawn M. Kanaʻiaupuni 2008 K-12 Journal
Hawaiian Cultural Influences in Education (HCIE): School Engagement among Hawaiian Students Brennan Takayama and Brandon Ledward 2009 K-12 Report
Hawaiian Cultural Influences in Education (HCIE): Cultural Knowledge and Practice among Hawaiian Students Brandon Ledward and Brennan Takayama 2009 K-12 Report Education (general)
Hawaiian Cultural Influences in Education (HCIE): Community Attachment and Giveback among Hawaiian Students Brandon Ledward and Brennan Takayama 2009 K-12 Report
Hawaiian Cultural Connectedness: HCC Survey and Its Uses Kamehameha Schools 2009 K-12 Instrument
Hawaiʻi Charter Schools: Initial Trends and Select Outcomes for Native Hawaiian Students Shawn M. Kanaʻiaupuni and Koren Ishibashi 2005 K-12 Report
Family Involvement in a Hawaiian Language Immersion Program Lois A. Yamauchi, Jo-Anne Lau-Smith, and Rebecca J.I. Luning 2008 K-12 Journal
Education with Aloha and Student Assets Katherine Tibbets, Kū Kahakalau, and Zanette Johnson 2007 K-12 Journal
Education and Native Hawaiian Children: Revisiting KEEP Roland G. Tharp, Cathie Jordan, Gisela E. Speidel, Kathryn Hu-Pei Au, Thomas W. Klein, Roderick P. Calkin, Kim C.M. Sloat, and Ronald Gallimore 2007 K-12 Journal
Culture-Based Education and Its Relationship to Student Outcomes Shawn M. Kanaʻiaupuni, Brandon Ledward, and ʻUmi Jensen 2013 K-12 Journal
Culturally Responsive Schooling for Indigenous Youth: A Review of the Literature Angelina E. Castagno and Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy 2008 K-12 Journal
Culturally Based Math Education as a Way to Improve Alaska Native Students’ Math Performance Jerry Lipka and Barbara Adams 2004 K-12 Working Paper
Constant Perimeter, Varying Area: A Case Study of Teaching and Learning Mathematics to Design a Fish Rack Anthony Rickard 2005 K-12 Journal
An Exploratory Study of Cultural Identity and Culture-Based Educational Program for Urban American Indian Students Kristin M. Powers 2006 K-12 Journal
Academic Achievement Across School Types in Hawaiʻi: Outcomes for Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian students in conventional public schools, western-focused charters, and Hawaiian language and culture-based schools Brennan Takayama 2008 K-12 Journal
A Native Hawaiian Focus on the Hawaiʻi Public School System, SY2015 Office of Hawaiian Affairs 2017 K-12 Report

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